Sean Michael Crotty, PhD

Chapter 6

Labor Geography

Chapter Overview

Workers, labor markets, unions, and the geography of work in the global economy.

This chapter examines labor as a central factor in economic geography. We explore how labor markets are geographically structured, why wages and working conditions vary so dramatically across space, and how workers organize to shape their economic circumstances. Understanding labor geography is essential for analyzing issues of inequality, migration, and economic development.

Chapter Resources

Required Reading

  • Textbook: Chapter 6
  • Coe, Kelly & Yeung (2019)
  • Economic Geography: A Contemporary Introduction

Download Slides

Video Content

  • Multiple lecture sections
  • Labor and work
  • Watch at your own pace

Video Lectures

Section 6.1: Labor Markets & Geography ~15 minutes

How labor markets are spatially organized and why geographic factors shape employment opportunities and wages.

Section 6.2: Global Divisions of Labor ~15 minutes

Understanding how different types of work are distributed globally and the implications for workers in different regions.

Section 6.3: Labor Migration ~15 minutes

Why workers move across space, patterns of labor migration, and the impacts on sending and receiving regions.

Section 6.4: Labor Organizing & Worker Agency ~15 minutes

How workers organize collectively through unions and other means to improve their conditions and shape economic geography.

Key Takeaways

Labor Fundamentals

  • Labor markets are geographically segmented, not unified global markets
  • Wage differences reflect not just skills but also location, institutions, and power
  • Workers are not passive—they actively shape economic landscapes through their decisions
  • Labor migration is a key mechanism connecting different labor markets

Key Concepts

  • Spatial Division of Labor: How different places specialize in different types of work
  • Labor Market Segmentation: Barriers that divide workers into different market segments
  • Skilled vs. Unskilled Labor: How skill categorization affects geographic mobility
  • Worker Agency: The capacity of workers to shape their conditions collectively
  • Precarious Work: Insecure, low-wage employment without benefits or protections

Discussion Questions

Consider these questions as you watch the lectures and complete the readings:

  • Why do wages for similar work vary so much between different places?
  • How has globalization changed the geography of work and employment?
  • What factors influence workers' decisions to migrate for employment?
  • How effective are unions and labor organizations in the contemporary economy?
  • What is the future of work, and how will it reshape labor geography?